1舉例說明飲品文化
2舉例說明歐洲飲食民俗與禮儀 The main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark or light. Dinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side .For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife.The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should pass your plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it.When there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess has suggested that they be passed.
3. 舉例說明歐洲飲食文化禁忌 英國人只吃動物的肉，而不吃動物的內臟、頭、蹄、血等部分。在口味方面，他們喜清淡、酥香，不愛辣味，較少吃海鮮。德國人喜歡肉食，尤其是香腸，但他們不吃豬蹄等。他們講究食物的新鮮營養，不吃有化學成分的食物。德國人很節儉，多數時候會把食物吃得很干凈，不吃咀嚼后需要再吐出來的東西，比如螃蟹、河魚等。法國人不吃肝臟之外的動物內臟、無鱗魚和帶細刺的魚，不吃味精，也不愛吃辣味的菜肴。飲食禁忌包括忌吃各種動物的頭、腳、內臟做成的食品；忌吃狗肉、蛇肉等他們常用來做寵物的動物的肉；忌吃大蒜等味道過于濃烈的調味品。在飲食規矩方面，西方人吃飯采用的是分餐制，自取自食，不喜歡的飯菜要少要或不要，忌菜盤剩下食物不用，所以他們重威嚴和尊貴。
4. 舉例說明歐洲飲食與宗教節日的關系
5. Easter is the Christian commemoration of the resurrection of Jesus as a religious holiday.Over the past year the spring equinox, the first full moon of the first Sunday after Easter.Church of Christ in the early years of the date of Easter, there have been controversial, causing momentary confusion, until 325 AD, the priests of the Church of the meeting before deciding on a day to celebrate the unification of the Easter. As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians. From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers。Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs those made of plastic or chocolate candy。
6. 簡述中西飲食文化的差異 飲食觀念上的不同。中國人更加注重食物色、香、味的有機融合和統一。食物在顏色上鮮亮，尤其是綠色蔬菜，這樣才會讓人看起來有食欲。而西方人則更加注重飲食營養的科學和合理搭配，幾乎不考慮食物的色、香、味，他們考慮更多的是食物所含熱量、維生素、蛋白質和維他命等營養物質的多少，以及每天這些營養物質攝入量的多少.在用餐方式和禮儀上的不同。中國人在用餐的時候，大都會圍坐在一起，而且喜歡用圓形的餐桌，大家都從相同的盤子里夾菜，這些在西方人看來是不衛生的，容易傳染疾病。中國人在用餐的時候還特別講究禮儀，年長者通常會坐在顯要的位置上。
7. 西方節日食俗特點
Christmas day is on December 25, people around the world celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.Some people celebrate by giving gifts. Children may be thanking Santa Claus for new toys. They may also be going to church with their families. All the people always decorate a Christmas tree and sing and dance at home on Christmas day.The traditional Christmas dinner is a very popular ceremony.It is usually very similar to the Thanksgiving feast where turkey,hamand stuffing are served.Savory treats remind us of home and family.Sweet desserts are exceptionally important to the Christmas season.Sugar cookies are a really popular treat at holiday time.Gingerbread men and candy canes are also super additions to the Christmas plate.Fudge,fruitcake,applecider,and pumpkin pie also spark memories of wonderful times during the holiday.Most food prepared during the Christmas season is easy to make and even more fun to eat.A large portion of the foods we eat during the season come from European traditions,especially those in England.Fig pudding is a common dessert that has been served throughout the region for centuries and is also popular in America.8、英國茶文化 英國茶文化源遠流長，約始于17世紀中期，當時的查理二世王后凱瑟琳公主非常喜歡飲茶，被稱為“飲茶皇后”。在她的影響和推動下，飲茶之風很快在全國普及。到18世紀，英國已成為世界上人均茶葉消費量最大的國家，19世紀時，茶室和茶舞很盛行。當今的英國人，仍然熱衷于飲茶，茶文化一如既往。英國人對茶的概念和理解與我們不一樣，他們通常喜歡喝紅茶，市場上銷售的茶大都是小袋裝的碎茶。當今的英國人喝茶，多數是在上午10點左右和下午4點左右。他們尤其重視下午4點左右的“午后茶”。 8.西方咖啡文化 西方咖啡文化的特點總的說來是熱情洋溢、奔放自由、簡潔隨意、快捷方便。浪漫法國的咖啡文化是一種優雅韻味，浪漫情調，和享受生活的愜意感。這也是一種傳統獨特的咖啡文化。咖啡對他們來說不只是一種飲品，它隱含著豐富的文化內涵。遍布城市與鄉村的咖啡館是法國生活方式的一種標志。法國人喝咖啡講究的似乎不在于味道，而是環境和情調，他們愿意在外面熱鬧的街市花一壺的價錢買一小杯咖啡，慢慢地品，細細地嘗，讀書看報，高談闊論，一“泡”就是大半天。
9. 歐洲酒文化 葡萄酒一直是歐洲文化里面重要的一環，早在5000多年前居住在高加索南部的人們，就了解如何釀制葡萄酒飲用。羅馬帝國時代，人們將葡萄酒視為上天美妙的賜與，稱之為“水中之火”，當時裝酒的容器為雙耳尖底的陶器，今天我們在龐貝遺跡還可以看到大量的這種陶甕，還有像我們中國傳統爐灶似的營業酒吧臺。羅馬人嗜酒如命，在發堀出來的考古遺跡中，單是破損的酒瓶就堆成了46公尺高的酒瓶山，可見葡萄酒受歡迎的程度。早期的羅馬帝國將葡萄酒的種植以及釀造以法令加以壟斷，但是隨著基督教的傳播，葡萄酒的生產也隨著擴散到歐洲各地。
10. 10.享用西餐須知的禮儀 在西方，去飯鋪吃飯通常都要事前預定，在預定時，有幾點要尤為注意說清楚，最先要說明人口和時間，其次要表明能否要區或視線令人滿意的座位。去高檔的餐廳，男人要穿整齊清潔;女性要穿套裝和有跟的鞋子。假如指名穿正式的服裝的話，男人一定打方巾，進入餐廳時，男人應先開箱，請女性進入。應請女性走在前面。就座、餐點端來時，都應讓女士優先。最得體的就座方法是從左側入座。當椅子被拉開后，身體在簡直要遇到桌子的間隔站直，領位者會把椅子推動來，腿彎遇到后面的椅丑時，就能坐下來了。就餐時，上臂和背部要通過到椅背，腹部和桌子Hold住約一個拳頭的間隔。雙腳穿插的坐姿最好防止。
11. 請簡述某一國家飲食文化的特點
French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms, France's extraordinary range of different geographies and climates which support the local production of all types of ingredients, and France's long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself. Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties, some of which have become popular throughout France (such as Coq au Vin and Foie Gras) while others are mainly enjoyed in the regions in which they originate. Although regional specialties，are often offered throughout France, the quality of ingredients and preparation is often superior in their region of origin. In all parts of France one will find a range of dishes, both in restaurants and in homes, which extends far beyond the regional specialities. However, in much of France the regional influences in terms of ingredients and cooking are marked. The most available food and the best cooking tend to be those produced from local ingredients and using local recipes. Therefore, the decision of where to visit or live in France tends to influence which types of food one will enjoy
2舉例說明歐洲飲食民俗與禮儀 The main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark or light. Dinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side .For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand, point curved downward, and bring the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife.The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should pass your plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it.When there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess has suggested that they be passed.
3. 舉例說明歐洲飲食文化禁忌 英國人只吃動物的肉，而不吃動物的內臟、頭、蹄、血等部分。在口味方面，他們喜清淡、酥香，不愛辣味，較少吃海鮮。德國人喜歡肉食，尤其是香腸，但他們不吃豬蹄等。他們講究食物的新鮮營養，不吃有化學成分的食物。德國人很節儉，多數時候會把食物吃得很干凈，不吃咀嚼后需要再吐出來的東西，比如螃蟹、河魚等。法國人不吃肝臟之外的動物內臟、無鱗魚和帶細刺的魚，不吃味精，也不愛吃辣味的菜肴。飲食禁忌包括忌吃各種動物的頭、腳、內臟做成的食品；忌吃狗肉、蛇肉等他們常用來做寵物的動物的肉；忌吃大蒜等味道過于濃烈的調味品。在飲食規矩方面，西方人吃飯采用的是分餐制，自取自食，不喜歡的飯菜要少要或不要，忌菜盤剩下食物不用，所以他們重威嚴和尊貴。
4. 舉例說明歐洲飲食與宗教節日的關系
5. Easter is the Christian commemoration of the resurrection of Jesus as a religious holiday.Over the past year the spring equinox, the first full moon of the first Sunday after Easter.Church of Christ in the early years of the date of Easter, there have been controversial, causing momentary confusion, until 325 AD, the priests of the Church of the meeting before deciding on a day to celebrate the unification of the Easter. As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians. From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers。Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs those made of plastic or chocolate candy。
6. 簡述中西飲食文化的差異 飲食觀念上的不同。中國人更加注重食物色、香、味的有機融合和統一。食物在顏色上鮮亮，尤其是綠色蔬菜，這樣才會讓人看起來有食欲。而西方人則更加注重飲食營養的科學和合理搭配，幾乎不考慮食物的色、香、味，他們考慮更多的是食物所含熱量、維生素、蛋白質和維他命等營養物質的多少，以及每天這些營養物質攝入量的多少.在用餐方式和禮儀上的不同。中國人在用餐的時候，大都會圍坐在一起，而且喜歡用圓形的餐桌，大家都從相同的盤子里夾菜，這些在西方人看來是不衛生的，容易傳染疾病。中國人在用餐的時候還特別講究禮儀，年長者通常會坐在顯要的位置上。
7. 西方節日食俗特點
Christmas day is on December 25, people around the world celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ.Some people celebrate by giving gifts. Children may be thanking Santa Claus for new toys. They may also be going to church with their families. All the people always decorate a Christmas tree and sing and dance at home on Christmas day.The traditional Christmas dinner is a very popular ceremony.It is usually very similar to the Thanksgiving feast where turkey,hamand stuffing are served.Savory treats remind us of home and family.Sweet desserts are exceptionally important to the Christmas season.Sugar cookies are a really popular treat at holiday time.Gingerbread men and candy canes are also super additions to the Christmas plate.Fudge,fruitcake,applecider,and pumpkin pie also spark memories of wonderful times during the holiday.Most food prepared during the Christmas season is easy to make and even more fun to eat.A large portion of the foods we eat during the season come from European traditions,especially those in England.Fig pudding is a common dessert that has been served throughout the region for centuries and is also popular in America.8、英國茶文化 英國茶文化源遠流長，約始于17世紀中期，當時的查理二世王后凱瑟琳公主非常喜歡飲茶，被稱為“飲茶皇后”。在她的影響和推動下，飲茶之風很快在全國普及。到18世紀，英國已成為世界上人均茶葉消費量最大的國家，19世紀時，茶室和茶舞很盛行。當今的英國人，仍然熱衷于飲茶，茶文化一如既往。英國人對茶的概念和理解與我們不一樣，他們通常喜歡喝紅茶，市場上銷售的茶大都是小袋裝的碎茶。當今的英國人喝茶，多數是在上午10點左右和下午4點左右。他們尤其重視下午4點左右的“午后茶”。 8.西方咖啡文化 西方咖啡文化的特點總的說來是熱情洋溢、奔放自由、簡潔隨意、快捷方便。浪漫法國的咖啡文化是一種優雅韻味，浪漫情調，和享受生活的愜意感。這也是一種傳統獨特的咖啡文化。咖啡對他們來說不只是一種飲品，它隱含著豐富的文化內涵。遍布城市與鄉村的咖啡館是法國生活方式的一種標志。法國人喝咖啡講究的似乎不在于味道，而是環境和情調，他們愿意在外面熱鬧的街市花一壺的價錢買一小杯咖啡，慢慢地品，細細地嘗，讀書看報，高談闊論，一“泡”就是大半天。
9. 歐洲酒文化 葡萄酒一直是歐洲文化里面重要的一環，早在5000多年前居住在高加索南部的人們，就了解如何釀制葡萄酒飲用。羅馬帝國時代，人們將葡萄酒視為上天美妙的賜與，稱之為“水中之火”，當時裝酒的容器為雙耳尖底的陶器，今天我們在龐貝遺跡還可以看到大量的這種陶甕，還有像我們中國傳統爐灶似的營業酒吧臺。羅馬人嗜酒如命，在發堀出來的考古遺跡中，單是破損的酒瓶就堆成了46公尺高的酒瓶山，可見葡萄酒受歡迎的程度。早期的羅馬帝國將葡萄酒的種植以及釀造以法令加以壟斷，但是隨著基督教的傳播，葡萄酒的生產也隨著擴散到歐洲各地。
10. 10.享用西餐須知的禮儀 在西方，去飯鋪吃飯通常都要事前預定，在預定時，有幾點要尤為注意說清楚，最先要說明人口和時間，其次要表明能否要區或視線令人滿意的座位。去高檔的餐廳，男人要穿整齊清潔;女性要穿套裝和有跟的鞋子。假如指名穿正式的服裝的話，男人一定打方巾，進入餐廳時，男人應先開箱，請女性進入。應請女性走在前面。就座、餐點端來時，都應讓女士優先。最得體的就座方法是從左側入座。當椅子被拉開后，身體在簡直要遇到桌子的間隔站直，領位者會把椅子推動來，腿彎遇到后面的椅丑時，就能坐下來了。就餐時，上臂和背部要通過到椅背，腹部和桌子Hold住約一個拳頭的間隔。雙腳穿插的坐姿最好防止。
11. 請簡述某一國家飲食文化的特點
French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms, France's extraordinary range of different geographies and climates which support the local production of all types of ingredients, and France's long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself. Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties, some of which have become popular throughout France (such as Coq au Vin and Foie Gras) while others are mainly enjoyed in the regions in which they originate. Although regional specialties，are often offered throughout France, the quality of ingredients and preparation is often superior in their region of origin. In all parts of France one will find a range of dishes, both in restaurants and in homes, which extends far beyond the regional specialities. However, in much of France the regional influences in terms of ingredients and cooking are marked. The most available food and the best cooking tend to be those produced from local ingredients and using local recipes. Therefore, the decision of where to visit or live in France tends to influence which types of food one will enjoy
